Horses competing at events need more energy, but it is important that it does not come from cereals alone. Too much starch and too many simple sugars can lead to digestive problems, excitability and even conditions such as ulcers or laminitis. The best solution is a varied source of energy. First, fibre (hay, chaff, sugar beet pulp), the horse’s basic fuel, which supports gut health. Fats (linseed oil, rice bran), which are a source of slow-release energy and improve stamina. And finally, safe carbohydrates in moderate amounts, preferably as flaked or micronised cereals.
Protein plays a key role in the sport horse’s diet. A shortage can lead to loss of muscle and a drop in performance. Remember, though, that it is not only the amount of protein that matters, but above all its quality and digestibility. The best sources of highly digestible protein are lucerne, extruded soya, peas, spirulina and brewer’s yeast. It is also worth remembering that too much protein can be harmful, because it puts a strain on the kidneys and the liver. Its metabolism also increases the production of heat and urea, which can reduce performance, especially on warmer days. That is why it is important to use quality protein, not simply a large quantity. Well balanced against energy, and matched to the horse’s body weight and level of work.
During hard training and competition a horse loses a lot of sweat, and with it valuable electrolytes: sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and calcium. A shortage can result in fatigue, dehydration and even muscle cramps. For that reason they need to be replaced, and not only on competition days. Of course the horse should also have access to fresh water. And what about the rest of the supplementation? Not every sport horse needs ten different supplements, but there are situations in which a well-chosen preparation can significantly support the horse’s health and results. For example, B vitamins support metabolism and the nervous system. Antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, omega-3) protect the muscles from oxidative stress. Probiotics and feed yeast maintain a healthy gut microflora, especially during travel and feed changes. Joint supplements (MSM, glucosamine, hyaluronic acid), meanwhile, are excellent support during intense work on hard ground.
After intense physical effort the horse’s body needs the key nutrients replaced quickly. It is worth planning a recovery meal that is easy to digest, rehydrates the horse, does not burden the digestive system and at the same time supplies readily available sources of energy and protein. Mash does this job very well. At competitions, when access to hay is sometimes limited, lucerne chaff, unmolassed sugar beet pulp or grass pellets are also an excellent solution. They not only support recovery, but also help maintain gut motility and reduce the risk of ulcers.
To sum up… in the competition season a sport horse’s diet should not only be energetic, but also support health and recovery. How a horse eats has a direct effect on how it works, how it recovers and whether it will be ready for the next challenge. Remember that every horse is different. It is worth matching the feeding plan to the individual and, if in doubt, consulting an equine nutritionist or a veterinary surgeon.