In winter most horses train less intensively, and so they burn less energy. Shorter days, slippery going and limited access to paddocks further reduce their daily exercise. A winter diet, based mainly on hay and concentrates, often leads to a small gain in body weight. When the temperature starts to rise, and training becomes longer and more demanding, it is worth looking closely at the rations and making the right changes before the horse returns to full work.
As with physical training, changes to the diet should happen gradually. A sudden change in the amount of concentrate, or in the type of energy, can lead to over-excitability, colic or digestive problems. It is therefore worth matching the diet to the current level of work – not to the level you have planned. If the horse is only just returning to training after a winter break, it does not yet need a large dose of fast-release energy. It is better to choose feeds rich in fibre and fat, which supply slow-release energy that supports stamina rather than excitability. Sugar beet pulp, rice bran or linseed oil are good choices.
In spring, horses are keen to move, but also harder to manage. Too much concentrate, especially if it is rich in cereals and starch, can amplify that effect. If the horse is excitable, it is worth considering less cereal in favour of fibre and fats, or choosing low-starch feeds. Good-quality hay should of course remain the foundation. A horse with constant access to fibre is less exposed to swings in energy and to the stress that comes from hunger.
As for supplements, magnesium can help, as it supports the nervous system and helps the horse to concentrate. Do not forget the B vitamins and vitamin E either, which support the muscles and energy metabolism. It is also worth reaching for calming herbs such as lemon balm, hops, valerian or chamomile. A well-chosen supplement, with herbs included, can effectively help keep the balance between energy and focus – especially in horses that tend to be excitable in spring.
To sum up, a spring excess of energy in horses is a natural phenomenon, but it can be managed effectively through considered feeding. It is worth adjusting the diet gradually to the increasing workload, providing stable sources of energy, avoiding an excess of starch and sugar, and supporting the nervous and digestive systems. Balanced, slow-release energy is the key to a safe return to training outdoors and to your horse feeling well!