Let’s start with the most important fact: approximately 70% of a horse’s immune system cells are located in its digestive tract! The first, strongest line of defense is responsible for the so-called gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) and a diverse gut microbiome. In order for beneficial bacteria to function efficiently and create a barrier against pathogens, they need appropriate fuel, i.e. fiber from good quality hay. In turn, a diet rich in large amounts of cereals and starch leads to the acidification of the intestinal environment. As a result, the beneficial flora dies and toxins enter the bloodstream. This is a direct path to inflammation and a drastic decline in immunity.
Another pillar of horse immunity are antioxidants, with vitamin E and selenium at the forefront. Their main task is to fight free radicals that accumulate in the body under the influence of stress, physical exercise or infection. While horses spending whole days on the pasture in spring and summer usually have an adequate supply of vitamin E, in the autumn and winter the level drops dramatically. Lack of appropriate supplementation during this period makes the immune system cells defenseless against damage.
What about trace elements and fats? Zinc is extremely important in building a protective barrier. This element is responsible for the regeneration of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive systems, as well as for the condition of the skin. They are the first mechanical barrier against viruses and bacteria. In turn, the addition of healthy fats (e.g. linseed oil discussed in previous entries) provides invaluable omega-3 acids. They have strong anti-inflammatory properties and can soothe the excessive reaction of the immune system, which is extremely important in horses suffering from skin allergies and asthma (RAO). Support may also be provided by preparations containing beta-glucans and yeast, which naturally stimulate the multiplication of white blood cells.
As you can see, nutrition and immunity are a connected system. You cannot build strong horse health with just one syrup given once a problem has already occurred. Immunity is built over months through a stable, balanced diet dominated by good-quality fiber, supported by appropriate doses of vitamins, minerals and fatty acids. Take care of your horses’ intestines every day, and they will surely reward you with great health!